Core Java Programs

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11.    Using two classes in Java program

class Computer {
  Computer() {
    System.out.println("Constructor of Computer class.");
  }

  void computer_method() {
    System.out.println("Power gone! Shut down your PC soon...");
  }

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Computer my = new Computer();
    Laptop your = new Laptop();

    my.computer_method();
    your.laptop_method();
  }
}

class Laptop {
  Laptop() {
    System.out.println("Constructor of Laptop class.");
  }

  void laptop_method() {
    System.out.println("99% Battery available.");
  }
}
Output of program:

You can also create objects in method of Laptop class. When you compile above code two .class files will be created which are Computer.class and Laptop.class, this has the advantage that you can reuse your .class file somewhere in other projects without compiling the code again. In short number of .class files created will be equal to number of classes in code. You can create as many classes as you want but writing many classes in a single file is not recommended as it makes code difficult to read rather you can create single file for every class. You can also group classes in packages for easily managing your code.

12.    Java program to swap two numbers

This java program swaps two numbers using a temporary variable. To swap numbers without using extra variable see another code below.

    Swapping using temporary or third variable

import java.util.Scanner;

class SwapNumbers
{
   public static void main(String args[])
   {
      int x, y, temp;
      System.out.println("Enter x and y");
      Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);

      x = in.nextInt();
      y = in.nextInt();

      System.out.println("Before Swapping\nx = "+x+"\ny = "+y);

      temp = x;
      x = y;
      y = temp;

      System.out.println("After Swapping\nx = "+x+"\ny = "+y);
   }
}
Output of program:

   Swapping without temporary variable

import java.util.Scanner;

class SwapNumbers
{
   public static void main(String args[])
   {
      int x, y;
      System.out.println("Enter x and y");
      Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);

      x = in.nextInt();
      y = in.nextInt();

      System.out.println("Before Swapping\nx = "+x+"\ny = "+y);

      x = x + y;
      y = x - y;
      x = x - y;

      System.out.println("After Swapping\nx = "+x+"\ny = "+y);
   }
}

13.    Java program to find largest of three numbers

This java program finds largest of three numbers and then prints it. If the entered numbers are unequal then "numbers are not distinct" is printed.
import java.util.Scanner;

class LargestOfThreeNumbers
{
   public static void main(String args[])
   {
      int x, y, z;
      System.out.println("Enter three integers ");
      Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);

      x = in.nextInt();
      y = in.nextInt();
      z = in.nextInt();

      if ( x > y && x > z )
         System.out.println("First number is largest.");
      else if ( y > x && y > z )
         System.out.println("Second number is largest.");
      else if ( z > x && z > y )
         System.out.println("Third number is largest.");
      else  
         System.out.println("Entered numbers are not distinct.");
   }
}
Output of program:

If you want to find out largest of a list of numbers say 10 integers then using above approach is not easy, instead you can use array data structure.

14.    Java program to find factorial

This java program finds factorial of a number. Entered number is checked first if its negative then an error message is printed.
import java.util.Scanner;

class Factorial
{
   public static void main(String args[])
   {
      int n, c, fact = 1;

      System.out.println("Enter an integer to calculate it's factorial");
      Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);

      n = in.nextInt();

      if ( n < 0 )
         System.out.println("Number should be non-negative.");
      else
      {
         for ( c = 1 ; c <= n ; c++ )
            fact = fact*c;

         System.out.println("Factorial of "+n+" is = "+fact);
      }
   }
}
Output of program:

You can also find factorial using recursion, in the code fact is an integer variable so only factorial of small numbers will be correctly displayed or which fits in 4 bytes. For large numbers you can use long data type.

15.    Java program print prime numbers

This java program prints prime numbers, number of prime numbers required is asked from the user. Remember that smallest prime number is 2.
import java.util.*;

class PrimeNumbers
{
   public static void main(String args[])
   {
      int n, status = 1, num = 3;

      Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
      System.out.println("Enter the number of prime numbers you want");
      n = in.nextInt();

      if (n >= 1)
      {
         System.out.println("First "+n+" prime numbers are :-");
         System.out.println(2);
      }

      for ( int count = 2 ; count <=n ;  )
      {
         for ( int j = 2 ; j <= Math.sqrt(num) ; j++ )
         {
            if ( num%j == 0 )
            {
               status = 0;
               break;
            }
         }
         if ( status != 0 )
         {
            System.out.println(num);
            count++;
         }
         status = 1;
         num++;
      }        
   }
}
Output of program:

We have used sqrt method of Math package which find square root of a number. To check if an integer(say n) is prime you can check if it is divisible by any integer from 2 to (n-1) or check from 2 to sqrt(n), first one is less efficient and will take more time.

16.    Java program to check armstrong number

This java program checks if a number is armstrong or not.
import java.util.*;

class ArmstrongNumber
{
   public static void main(String args[])
   {
      int n, sum = 0, temp, r;

      Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
      System.out.println("Enter a number to check if it is an armstrong number");     
      n = in.nextInt();

      temp = n;

      while( temp != 0 )
      {
         r = temp%10;
         sum = sum + r*r*r;
         temp = temp/10;
      }

      if ( n == sum )
         System.out.println("Entered number is an armstrong number.");
      else
         System.out.println("Entered number is not an armstrong number.");        
   }
}
Output of program:

Using one more loop in the above code you can generate armstrong numbers from 1 to n(say) or between two integers (a to b).

17.    Java program to print Floyd's triangle

This java program prints Floyd's triangle.
import java.util.Scanner;

class FloydTriangle
{
   public static void main(String args[])
   {
      int n, num = 1, c, d;
      Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);

      System.out.println("Enter the number of rows of floyd's triangle you want");
      n = in.nextInt();

      System.out.println("Floyd's triangle :-");

      for ( c = 1 ; c <= n ; c++ )
      {
         for ( d = 1 ; d <= c ; d++ )
         {
            System.out.print(num+" ");
            num++;
         }

         System.out.println();
      }
   }
}
Output of program:

In Floyd triangle there are n integers in the nth row and a total of (n(n+1))/2 integers in n rows. This is a simple pattern to print but helpful in learning how to create other patterns. Key to develop pattern is using nested loops appropriately.

18.    Java program to reverse a string

This java program reverses a string entered by the user. We use charAt method to extract characters from the string and append them in reverse order to reverse the entered string.
import java.util.*;

class ReverseString
{
   public static void main(String args[])
   {
      String original, reverse = "";
      Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);

      System.out.println("Enter a string to reverse");
      original = in.nextLine();

      int length = original.length();

      for ( int i = length - 1 ; i >= 0 ; i-- )
         reverse = reverse + original.charAt(i);

      System.out.println("Reverse of entered string is: "+reverse);
   }
}
Output of program:


                         

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